Der Ring des Nibelungen, a four-part opera cycle, is known for its political allegory, exploring themes of power, greed, and the consequences of unchecked ambition.

The chorus "Va, pensiero, sull'ali dorate" from Nabucco became an anthem for Italian unification, expressing the longing of the Italian people for freedom and independence.

Turandot, Puccini's final opera, was banned by the Italian Fascist regime in 1926 due to its perceived anti-imperialist and anti-militarist themes.

Sarastro, the high priest of the Temple of Wisdom, represents the power of love, enlightenment, and the triumph of good over evil.

Alexander Nevsky, a cantata later adapted into an opera, was inspired by the life and military victories of the 13th-century Russian prince Alexander Nevsky, who defended Russia against foreign invaders.

Arnold Melchtal is the central figure in William Tell, leading the Swiss people in their fight for independence from Austrian rule.

Salome, based on the biblical story of Salome and John the Baptist, was controversial for its erotic and violent content, as well as its portrayal of Nero as a decadent and depraved ruler.

Amneris, the daughter of the Egyptian pharaoh, is a complex and conflicted character who struggles with her love for Radamès and her loyalty to her father.

Billy Budd, based on the novella by Herman Melville, explores themes of innocence, betrayal, and the abuse of power, drawing parallels between the trial of Billy Budd and the trial of Joan of Arc.

Figaro, the clever and resourceful servant of Count Almaviva, is the central figure in The Marriage of Figaro, helping his master overcome obstacles and ultimately win the hand of his beloved Susanna.

Parsifal, Wagner's final opera, tells the story of the quest for the Holy Grail and the redemption of the knight Parsifal.

Violetta Valéry, the central character in La Traviata, is a wealthy courtesan who falls in love with Alfredo Germont, a young man from a respectable family.

Romeo and Juliet, based on the play by William Shakespeare, is a tragic opera that tells the story of the star-crossed lovers from Verona.

The Commendatore, the ghost of the man killed by Don Giovanni, seeks revenge on the libertine for his crimes.

Der Fliegende Holländer, based on the legend of the Flying Dutchman, tells the story of a sea captain who is cursed to sail the seas forever unless he can find a woman who will love him faithfully.