The Self and Moral Identity

Description: This quiz covers the philosophical concepts related to the self and moral identity.
Number of Questions: 14
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Tags: philosophy of identity self moral identity personal identity
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Which philosopher argued that personal identity is constituted by a series of mental events, rather than a material substance?

  1. John Locke

  2. David Hume

  3. René Descartes

  4. Immanuel Kant


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

David Hume, in his Treatise of Human Nature, argued that the self is a bundle of perceptions, rather than a permanent, unchanging substance.

What is the problem of personal identity?

  1. The question of whether or not we are the same person we were yesterday.

  2. The question of whether or not we have free will.

  3. The question of whether or not we are responsible for our actions.

  4. The question of whether or not we exist.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The problem of personal identity is the question of whether or not we are the same person we were yesterday, or even a moment ago. This question arises because our bodies and minds are constantly changing.

Which philosopher argued that personal identity is constituted by a material substance, rather than a series of mental events?

  1. John Locke

  2. David Hume

  3. René Descartes

  4. Immanuel Kant


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

John Locke, in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, argued that personal identity is constituted by a material substance, specifically the brain.

What is the difference between personal identity and moral identity?

  1. Personal identity is concerned with the question of who we are, while moral identity is concerned with the question of what kind of person we are.

  2. Personal identity is concerned with the question of what kind of person we are, while moral identity is concerned with the question of who we are.

  3. Personal identity is concerned with the question of whether or not we are the same person we were yesterday, while moral identity is concerned with the question of what kind of person we are.

  4. Personal identity is concerned with the question of what kind of person we are, while moral identity is concerned with the question of whether or not we are the same person we were yesterday.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Personal identity is concerned with the question of who we are, while moral identity is concerned with the question of what kind of person we are. Personal identity is a metaphysical question, while moral identity is an ethical question.

Which philosopher argued that personal identity is constituted by a combination of mental events and a material substance?

  1. John Locke

  2. David Hume

  3. René Descartes

  4. Immanuel Kant


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Pure Reason, argued that personal identity is constituted by a combination of mental events and a material substance.

What is the teletransporter paradox?

  1. The paradox that arises when a person is teleported from one place to another and two copies of the person are created.

  2. The paradox that arises when a person is teleported from one place to another and the person's body is destroyed in the process.

  3. The paradox that arises when a person is teleported from one place to another and the person's mind is destroyed in the process.

  4. The paradox that arises when a person is teleported from one place to another and the person's body and mind are both destroyed in the process.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The teletransporter paradox arises when a person is teleported from one place to another and two copies of the person are created. This paradox raises the question of which copy of the person is the real person.

What is the problem of moral luck?

  1. The problem that arises when a person is held responsible for an action that they did not intend to perform.

  2. The problem that arises when a person is held responsible for an action that they did not know was wrong.

  3. The problem that arises when a person is held responsible for an action that they were forced to perform.

  4. The problem that arises when a person is held responsible for an action that they had no control over.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The problem of moral luck arises when a person is held responsible for an action that they had no control over. This problem raises the question of whether or not it is fair to hold people responsible for actions that they could not have prevented.

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic value?

  1. Intrinsic value is the value that something has in and of itself, while extrinsic value is the value that something has because of its relationship to something else.

  2. Intrinsic value is the value that something has because of its relationship to something else, while extrinsic value is the value that something has in and of itself.

  3. Intrinsic value is the value that something has because of its usefulness, while extrinsic value is the value that something has because of its beauty.

  4. Intrinsic value is the value that something has because of its rarity, while extrinsic value is the value that something has because of its usefulness.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Intrinsic value is the value that something has in and of itself, while extrinsic value is the value that something has because of its relationship to something else. For example, a diamond has intrinsic value because it is beautiful and rare, while a dollar bill has extrinsic value because it can be used to purchase goods and services.

What is the difference between consequentialism and deontology?

  1. Consequentialism is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences, while deontology is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its inherent nature.

  2. Consequentialism is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its inherent nature, while deontology is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences.

  3. Consequentialism is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences, while deontology is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its relationship to other actions.

  4. Consequentialism is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its relationship to other actions, while deontology is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its inherent nature.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Consequentialism is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences, while deontology is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its inherent nature.

What is the difference between virtue ethics and utilitarianism?

  1. Virtue ethics is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the character of the person who performs it, while utilitarianism is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences.

  2. Virtue ethics is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences, while utilitarianism is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the character of the person who performs it.

  3. Virtue ethics is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its relationship to other actions, while utilitarianism is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences.

  4. Virtue ethics is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences, while utilitarianism is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its relationship to other actions.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Virtue ethics is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the character of the person who performs it, while utilitarianism is the ethical theory that holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences.

What is the difference between a moral principle and a moral rule?

  1. A moral principle is a general statement about what is right and wrong, while a moral rule is a specific statement about what actions are right or wrong.

  2. A moral principle is a specific statement about what actions are right or wrong, while a moral rule is a general statement about what is right and wrong.

  3. A moral principle is a statement about what is right and wrong that is based on reason, while a moral rule is a statement about what is right and wrong that is based on tradition.

  4. A moral principle is a statement about what is right and wrong that is based on tradition, while a moral rule is a statement about what is right and wrong that is based on reason.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A moral principle is a general statement about what is right and wrong, while a moral rule is a specific statement about what actions are right or wrong. For example, the moral principle of non-maleficence states that it is wrong to harm others, while the moral rule against murder is a specific application of this principle.

What is the difference between a moral dilemma and a moral conflict?

  1. A moral dilemma is a situation in which a person is faced with two or more conflicting moral obligations, while a moral conflict is a situation in which a person is faced with a choice between two or more morally acceptable options.

  2. A moral dilemma is a situation in which a person is faced with a choice between two or more morally acceptable options, while a moral conflict is a situation in which a person is faced with two or more conflicting moral obligations.

  3. A moral dilemma is a situation in which a person is faced with a choice between two or more morally unacceptable options, while a moral conflict is a situation in which a person is faced with two or more conflicting moral obligations.

  4. A moral dilemma is a situation in which a person is faced with two or more conflicting moral obligations, while a moral conflict is a situation in which a person is faced with a choice between two or more morally unacceptable options.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A moral dilemma is a situation in which a person is faced with two or more conflicting moral obligations, while a moral conflict is a situation in which a person is faced with a choice between two or more morally acceptable options.

What is the difference between a moral theory and a moral code?

  1. A moral theory is a set of principles that explain why certain actions are right or wrong, while a moral code is a set of rules that tell people what actions they should or should not perform.

  2. A moral theory is a set of rules that tell people what actions they should or should not perform, while a moral code is a set of principles that explain why certain actions are right or wrong.

  3. A moral theory is a set of principles that explain why certain actions are right or wrong, while a moral code is a set of rules that tell people what actions they should or should not perform based on tradition.

  4. A moral theory is a set of rules that tell people what actions they should or should not perform based on tradition, while a moral code is a set of principles that explain why certain actions are right or wrong.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A moral theory is a set of principles that explain why certain actions are right or wrong, while a moral code is a set of rules that tell people what actions they should or should not perform.

What is the difference between a moral judgment and a moral belief?

  1. A moral judgment is a statement about whether or not an action is right or wrong, while a moral belief is a statement about what is good or bad.

  2. A moral judgment is a statement about what is good or bad, while a moral belief is a statement about whether or not an action is right or wrong.

  3. A moral judgment is a statement about whether or not an action is right or wrong based on reason, while a moral belief is a statement about what is good or bad based on tradition.

  4. A moral judgment is a statement about what is good or bad based on tradition, while a moral belief is a statement about whether or not an action is right or wrong based on reason.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A moral judgment is a statement about whether or not an action is right or wrong, while a moral belief is a statement about what is good or bad.

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