Government spending is primarily aimed at providing public goods and services that the private sector cannot or will not provide efficiently, such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare.

The Department of Treasury is the primary agency responsible for managing the federal budget, including revenue collection, spending, and debt management.

A fiscal deficit occurs when government spending exceeds its revenue, leading to a shortfall that must be financed through borrowing or drawing down reserves.

Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. It is primarily used to manage economic growth, inflation, and unemployment.

Infrastructure investment, such as spending on roads, bridges, and public transportation, is generally considered to be more effective in stimulating economic growth compared to other types of government spending.

Automatic stabilizers are built-in mechanisms in the government budget that automatically increase spending or reduce taxes during an economic downturn, helping to mitigate its impact.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the primary agency responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing tax laws in the United States.

Budgetary policy refers to the government's overall plan for managing its finances, including revenue collection, spending, and debt management.

Transfer payments, such as social security benefits, unemployment benefits, and welfare payments, are primarily aimed at providing direct financial assistance to individuals and families.

Fiscal stimulus refers to the government's deliberate increase in spending or reduction in taxes to stimulate economic growth during a recession.

The Council of Economic Advisers is an agency within the Executive Office of the President that provides economic advice to the President and Congress.

Public debt refers to the government's policy of borrowing money to finance its spending. It is the total amount of money that the government owes to its creditors.

The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States and is responsible for regulating the financial industry and ensuring the stability of the financial system.

Fiscal consolidation refers to the government's policy of reducing its spending or increasing taxes to reduce the fiscal deficit.

The Office of Personnel Management is responsible for managing the government's retirement system and providing retirement benefits to federal employees.