To regulate the movement of individuals across borders.

To protect the rights of migrants and refugees.

To promote economic development and cultural exchange.

To ensure national security and public health.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

The Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951).

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).

The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).

The prohibition of returning an individual to a country where they face persecution or serious harm.

The right of an individual to seek asylum in a foreign country.

The obligation of countries to provide temporary protection to refugees.

The principle of family reunification for migrants.

A refugee has been granted asylum in a foreign country, while an asylum seeker is still awaiting a decision on their application.

A refugee has fled their country due to persecution, while an asylum seeker has left their country for economic or environmental reasons.

A refugee is entitled to permanent residency in the host country, while an asylum seeker is only granted temporary protection.

A refugee is required to return to their country of origin once the persecution has ceased, while an asylum seeker can remain in the host country indefinitely.

The acquisition of citizenship through birth to a citizen of a particular country.

The acquisition of citizenship through marriage to a citizen of a particular country.

The acquisition of citizenship through naturalization.

The acquisition of citizenship through investment or economic contribution.

The process by which an individual acquires citizenship of a country other than their country of birth.

The process by which an individual renounces their citizenship of a particular country.

The process by which an individual is granted permanent residency in a foreign country.

The process by which an individual is granted refugee status in a foreign country.

A visa is a temporary authorization to enter and stay in a country, while a residence permit is a long-term authorization to reside in a country.

A visa is required for all foreign nationals entering a country, while a residence permit is only required for those intending to stay for an extended period.

A visa is issued by the embassy or consulate of the country being visited, while a residence permit is issued by the immigration authorities of the host country.

A visa is typically granted for a specific purpose, such as tourism or business, while a residence permit allows for multiple purposes, including work, study, and family reunification.

The right of family members to join or accompany an individual who has been granted refugee status or permanent residency in a foreign country.

The right of family members to sponsor an individual for immigration to a foreign country.

The right of family members to obtain citizenship in a foreign country through naturalization.

The right of family members to travel freely between their home country and the country where their family member resides.

The possession of citizenship in two countries simultaneously.

The possession of citizenship in multiple countries simultaneously.

The loss of citizenship in one country upon acquiring citizenship in another country.

The automatic acquisition of citizenship in a country through birth or descent.

To promote cooperation and coordination among countries on migration and citizenship issues.

To provide technical assistance and capacity building to countries in implementing migration and citizenship laws.

To monitor and report on the implementation of migration and citizenship laws.

To resolve disputes and conflicts between countries related to migration and citizenship.

Statelessness is the lack of any nationality, while refugee status is the recognition of an individual as a refugee under international law.

Statelessness is the loss of citizenship in one country, while refugee status is the acquisition of citizenship in a new country.

Statelessness is a temporary condition, while refugee status is a permanent condition.

Statelessness is a voluntary condition, while refugee status is an involuntary condition.

The prohibition of discrimination against individuals based on their race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or other protected characteristics in the context of migration and citizenship laws.

The obligation of countries to provide equal treatment and opportunities to all migrants and refugees.

The right of migrants and refugees to enjoy the same rights and freedoms as citizens of the host country.

The prohibition of discrimination against migrants and refugees in employment, housing, and education.

The provision of temporary shelter and assistance to individuals who are unable to return to their country of origin due to conflict, persecution, or natural disasters.

The granting of permanent residency to individuals who have been granted temporary protection.

The repatriation of individuals to their country of origin once the conditions that led to their displacement have ceased.

The resettlement of individuals to a third country that is willing to provide them with permanent residency.

To provide international protection and assistance to refugees and asylum seekers.

To promote the implementation of the Refugee Convention and other international refugee law instruments.

To coordinate the resettlement of refugees to third countries.

To advocate for the rights of refugees and asylum seekers.