Image-Guided Surgery aims to provide surgeons with real-time guidance during minimally invasive procedures, enabling them to visualize and navigate anatomical structures more accurately.

Image-Guided Surgery can utilize various imaging modalities, including X-ray fluoroscopy, CT, MRI, and ultrasound, depending on the specific surgical procedure and the anatomical region being targeted.

Surgical navigation systems play a crucial role in Image-Guided Surgery by providing real-time guidance, 3D visualization, and preoperative planning capabilities to surgeons.

Image-Guided Surgery offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including reduced invasiveness, improved accuracy, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times.

Image-Guided Surgery is widely used in brain surgery, including stereotactic radiosurgery, deep brain stimulation, and endoscopic skull base surgery.

Robotic surgical systems provide surgeons with enhanced dexterity and precision during minimally invasive procedures, enabling them to perform complex surgeries with greater accuracy.

X-ray fluoroscopy is commonly used in Image-Guided Orthopedic Surgery due to its real-time imaging capabilities, allowing surgeons to visualize and guide surgical instruments during procedures.

Augmented reality (AR) in Image-Guided Surgery provides surgeons with real-time visualization, interaction with virtual objects, and enhanced accuracy during surgical procedures.

Image-Guided Surgery faces challenges related to the high cost of equipment, the steep learning curve for surgeons, and the limited availability of trained personnel.

Ultrasound is commonly used in Image-Guided Cardiac Surgery due to its ability to provide real-time imaging of the heart and surrounding structures during surgical procedures.

Image-Guided Radiation Therapy aims to deliver precise radiation doses to tumors while minimizing damage to healthy tissues and reducing the risk of side effects.

X-ray fluoroscopy is commonly used in Image-Guided Interventional Radiology due to its real-time imaging capabilities, allowing interventional radiologists to guide minimally invasive procedures with precision.

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in Image-Guided Surgery by assisting surgeons in preoperative planning, providing real-time image analysis, and helping them identify critical anatomical structures.

X-ray fluoroscopy is commonly used in Image-Guided Endoscopy due to its ability to provide real-time imaging of the digestive tract and other internal organs during endoscopic procedures.

3D reconstruction in Image-Guided Surgery provides surgeons with a three-dimensional view of anatomical structures, enabling more accurate planning, simulation, and navigation during surgical procedures.