Contour bunding is a traditional water conservation method that involves constructing small earthen embankments across a slope, following the contours of the land. This helps to slow down runoff, increase infiltration, and reduce soil erosion.

Terraces are constructed in hilly areas primarily to reduce soil erosion. By creating level steps across the slope, terraces help to slow down runoff, trap sediment, and prevent soil loss.

Rainwater harvesting is a modern water conservation technique that involves capturing and storing rainwater for future use. This can be done through various methods, such as rooftop harvesting, surface runoff harvesting, and groundwater recharge.

Water conservation efforts in hilly areas face multiple challenges, including lack of infrastructure, deforestation, and climate change. These factors contribute to increased runoff, soil erosion, and water scarcity in these regions.

Vegetative barriers involve planting trees and shrubs along the contours of a slope to reduce runoff and soil erosion. The vegetation helps to slow down runoff, trap sediment, and improve water infiltration.

Gully plugging is a water conservation technique that aims to prevent soil erosion by constructing small dams or barriers across gullies. These structures help to slow down runoff, trap sediment, and reduce the formation of gullies.

Drip irrigation is a modern water conservation technique that involves using a network of pipes and sprinklers to distribute water directly to the roots of plants. This method allows for precise water application, reducing water wastage and increasing crop yields.

Contour bunding is primarily used in hilly areas to reduce soil erosion. By creating small earthen embankments across the slope, contour bunding helps to slow down runoff, trap sediment, and prevent soil loss.

Check dams are small dams constructed across a stream or river to slow down the flow of water and increase infiltration. This helps to reduce soil erosion, increase water storage capacity, and improve groundwater recharge.

Farm ponds are constructed in hilly areas primarily to increase water storage capacity. These ponds collect and store rainwater, which can be used for irrigation, livestock watering, and other purposes during the dry season.

Hydroponics is a modern water conservation technique that involves growing plants in a nutrient-rich water solution without soil. This method allows for efficient water use and can be used in areas with limited land or water resources.

Terraces are primarily used in water conservation to reduce soil erosion. By creating level steps across the slope, terraces help to slow down runoff, trap sediment, and prevent soil loss.

Contour trenches are small pits or trenches constructed along the contours of a slope to collect and store rainwater. This helps to increase water infiltration, reduce runoff, and improve soil moisture content.

Vegetative barriers are primarily used in water conservation to reduce soil erosion. By planting trees and shrubs along the contours of a slope, vegetative barriers help to slow down runoff, trap sediment, and prevent soil loss.

Drip irrigation is a modern water conservation technique that involves using a system of pipes and emitters to deliver water directly to the roots of plants. This method allows for precise water application, reducing water wastage and increasing crop yields.