The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, is a landmark document that sets out a broad range of fundamental human rights and freedoms.

The primary responsibility of peacekeeping forces is to protect civilians from violence and human rights abuses.

The Security Council is the UN body responsible for authorizing and overseeing international peacekeeping operations.

Crimes against humanity are defined as widespread or systematic attacks against civilians, including murder, torture, rape, and other inhumane acts.

The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted in 1984, prohibits torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.

Genocide is defined as the intentional destruction, in whole or in part, of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.

The United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) was established in 1960 to help maintain peace and stability in the newly independent Congo.

Peacemaking refers to the process of negotiating and implementing agreements to end armed conflict.

The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) was established in 1978 to help maintain peace and stability in southern Lebanon.

Peacebuilding refers to the long-term process of creating sustainable peace and preventing the recurrence of conflict.

The United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) was established in 2004 to help maintain peace and stability in Sudan.

Conflict resolution refers to the process of resolving conflicts through negotiation and mediation.

The United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was established in 1964 to help maintain peace and stability in Cyprus.

Peacekeeping refers to the use of military force to protect civilians and enforce peace agreements.

The United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) was established in 1999 to help maintain peace and stability in East Timor.