GIS in Indian Geography encompasses creating maps, managing and analyzing spatial data, and storing and retrieving spatial information.

The vector data model is widely used in GIS to represent spatial features as points, lines, and polygons.

Vectorization is the process of converting raster data, which is composed of pixels, into vector data, which consists of points, lines, and polygons.

Georeferencing is the process of assigning real-world coordinates to a digital map or image, allowing it to be accurately positioned on the Earth's surface.

Spatial analysis, geospatial analysis, and geographic analysis are all terms used to describe the process of overlaying multiple layers of spatial data to identify patterns and relationships.

ArcGIS is widely used by the Indian government for various mapping and analysis purposes due to its comprehensive capabilities and extensive user base.

3D visualization is the process of creating a three-dimensional representation of a geographic area using GIS data, allowing users to explore and analyze spatial data in a more immersive manner.

CensusMapper is a GIS application specifically designed for analyzing and visualizing census data in India, providing users with interactive maps and statistical reports.

Spatial statistics, geospatial statistics, and geographic statistics are all terms used to describe the process of extracting meaningful information from spatial data through statistical analysis and modeling.

Cluster analysis is a GIS technique used to identify areas with similar characteristics or patterns within a dataset, allowing users to explore spatial relationships and identify clusters of features.

Thematic mapping is the process of creating a map that displays the distribution of a particular attribute or variable across a geographic area, allowing users to visualize and analyze spatial patterns.

The measure tool in GIS allows users to measure the distance between two points or features on a map, providing accurate measurements for spatial analysis.

Buffering is the process of creating a buffer zone around a feature or set of features in GIS, allowing users to analyze the surrounding area and identify spatial relationships.

Network analysis in GIS allows users to analyze the connectivity and flow of features within a network, such as roads or rivers, enabling the identification of optimal routes and patterns.

Geospatial integration, data integration, and spatial data integration are all terms used to describe the process of integrating GIS data with other types of data to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a geographic area.