Environmental sociology is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the relationship between human societies and the natural environment, including the impact of human activities on the environment and the social and cultural factors that shape environmental issues.

A sustainable society is one that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Environmental protection is a key component of sustainability, as it aims to preserve and restore the natural environment for future generations.

Environmental justice is a term used to describe the fair and equitable distribution of environmental benefits and burdens across different social groups. It seeks to address the disproportionate impact of environmental pollution and degradation on marginalized communities.

The green movement is a broad social and political movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, advocating for a shift away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energy sources, as well as the protection of natural ecosystems and biodiversity.

Ecological modernization is a term used to describe the process of transitioning to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly economy. It involves the adoption of new technologies, policies, and practices that reduce environmental impacts and promote resource efficiency.

The Paris Agreement is an international agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. It also aims to increase the ability of countries to adapt to the impacts of climate change and make finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.

Sustainable development is a term used to describe the idea that economic growth and environmental protection can coexist and mutually reinforce each other. It involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Circular economy is a concept that emphasizes the importance of reducing waste and reusing and recycling materials in order to minimize environmental impacts. It involves designing products and systems that can be easily disassembled and reused, and that minimize the generation of waste and pollution.

Systems thinking is a term used to describe the idea that environmental issues are interconnected and that addressing one issue often requires addressing others. It involves understanding the complex relationships between different components of the environment and society, and how they interact to create environmental problems.

Participatory environmental governance is a concept that emphasizes the importance of involving local communities and indigenous knowledge in environmental decision-making. It involves creating opportunities for local communities to participate in the planning and implementation of environmental policies and programs, and to share their knowledge and perspectives on environmental issues.

Ecological restoration is a term used to describe the process of restoring degraded ecosystems and returning them to a more natural state. It involves using a variety of techniques to restore the ecosystem's structure, function, and biodiversity.

Degrowth is a concept that emphasizes the importance of reducing human consumption and living within the limits of the planet's resources. It involves questioning the idea of perpetual economic growth and advocating for a more sustainable and equitable society that respects ecological limits.

Environmental justice is a term used to describe the idea that environmental issues are rooted in social and economic inequalities, and that addressing these inequalities is essential for achieving environmental sustainability. It seeks to address the disproportionate impact of environmental pollution and degradation on marginalized communities.

Biodiversity conservation is a concept that emphasizes the importance of protecting and restoring biodiversity and ecosystems for the well-being of both humans and the planet. It involves taking measures to prevent the loss of species and habitats, and to restore degraded ecosystems.

Global environmental governance is a term used to describe the idea that environmental issues are global in scope and require international cooperation to address them effectively. It involves the development of international agreements, institutions, and mechanisms to address transboundary environmental issues and promote sustainable development.