Søren Kierkegaard is widely regarded as the father of Existentialism, a philosophical movement that emphasizes the importance of individual existence, freedom, and choice.

Existentialism is primarily concerned with exploring the meaning of life and the human condition, emphasizing the importance of individual freedom and choice in creating meaning.

Martin Heidegger introduced the concept of 'Being-in-the-world,' which emphasizes the interconnectedness between human existence and the world around us.

Phenomenology relies on intuition as its primary method of inquiry, aiming to understand the structures of consciousness and the lived experience of individuals.

Jacques Derrida is credited with developing the concept of 'deconstruction,' a critical approach to examining the underlying assumptions and structures of language and thought.

Post-Structuralism emphasizes the primacy of language and discourse in shaping our understanding of reality and knowledge, challenging traditional notions of truth and objectivity.

Michel Foucault's concept of 'the gaze' explores the power dynamics and social control inherent in the act of observing and being observed.

Simone de Beauvoir is renowned for her contributions to feminist philosophy, particularly her analysis of the social construction of gender and the oppression of women.

Roland Barthes introduced the concept of 'the death of the author,' challenging the traditional notion of the author's authority and emphasizing the role of the reader in interpreting a text.

Albert Camus's 'The Stranger' explores the themes of existential alienation, absurdity, and the search for meaning in a seemingly meaningless world.

Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of 'the will to power' emphasizes the fundamental drive within individuals and societies to assert their power and influence.

Jean-Paul Sartre is primarily known for his contributions to Existentialism, particularly his exploration of individual freedom, responsibility, and the meaning of existence.

Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of 'the eternal return' posits that every moment in time will repeat itself infinitely, challenging conventional notions of linear time and progress.

Edmund Husserl is considered the founder of Phenomenology, a philosophical movement that emphasizes the study of consciousness and the lived experience of individuals.

Michel Foucault's concept of 'the panopticon' explores the power dynamics and surveillance inherent in institutional structures and social control.