Gothic architecture, which flourished in Europe from the 12th to the 16th century, is characterized by its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. It is also known for its elaborate carvings and sculptures, which often depict religious figures and scenes.

Chartres Cathedral, located in the city of Chartres, France, is a prime example of Gothic architecture. It is renowned for its exquisite stained glass windows, which depict scenes from the Bible and the lives of saints.

A rose window is a large, circular window typically found in the west facade of Gothic cathedrals. It is filled with stained glass and often depicts intricate patterns or religious scenes.

The Renaissance architectural style emerged in the 15th century in Italy and spread throughout Europe. It is characterized by its classical forms, symmetry, and emphasis on humanism.

Michelangelo is considered one of the greatest masters of the Renaissance. He was a sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. His iconic works include the Sistine Chapel ceiling, the Pietà, and the statue of David.

Baroque architecture emerged in the 17th century and is characterized by its elaborate ornamentation, dramatic contrasts, and use of curved forms. It is often associated with the Catholic Church and the Counter-Reformation.

Antoni Gaudí is considered one of the greatest masters of the Baroque style. He was a Spanish architect known for his unique and innovative designs. His most famous work is the Sagrada Família in Barcelona, which is still under construction.

Victorian architecture emerged in the 19th century and is characterized by its eclecticism, use of historical motifs, and emphasis on ornamentation. It is often associated with the reign of Queen Victoria in England.

Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin is considered one of the pioneers of the Gothic Revival style. He was an English architect, designer, and writer. His most famous work is the Houses of Parliament in London, which he designed in collaboration with Charles Barry.

Modernism emerged in the early 20th century and is characterized by its rejection of traditional forms and emphasis on simplicity, functionality, and the use of new materials. It is often associated with the works of architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Mies van der Rohe.

Frank Lloyd Wright is considered one of the pioneers of Modernism. He was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. His most famous works include the Fallingwater house and the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.

Postmodernism emerged in the late 20th century and is characterized by its rejection of Modernism and its emphasis on historical references, irony, and eclecticism. It is often associated with the works of architects such as Robert Venturi, Charles Moore, and Michael Graves.

Robert Venturi is considered one of the pioneers of Postmodernism. He was an American architect, theorist, and educator. His most famous works include the Portland Building in Oregon and the AT&T Building in New York City.

Deconstructivism emerged in the 1980s and is characterized by its fragmented forms, non-linearity, and emphasis on surface and texture. It is often associated with the works of architects such as Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, and Rem Koolhaas.

Frank Gehry is considered one of the pioneers of Deconstructivism. He is a Canadian-American architect known for his innovative and sculptural designs. His most famous works include the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.