Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for animals, providing the majority of their caloric needs.

Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, including muscle, and play a crucial role in growth and development.

Calcium is a key mineral required for the formation and maintenance of strong bones and teeth.

Digestion is the process by which feed is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the animal's body.

Hay, corn, soybean meal, and fish meal are all commonly used feedstuffs in animal diets, providing a variety of nutrients.

Feeding management involves selecting and providing the appropriate feed to animals based on their nutritional needs, considering factors such as age, species, and production goals.

Least-cost formulation is a common method used to balance animal diets by selecting the combination of feedstuffs that meets the animal's nutritional requirements at the lowest cost.

Watering refers to the process of providing animals with access to water, which is essential for maintaining hydration and supporting various physiological processes.

Pasture-based, confinement, semi-confinement, and free-range are all common types of feeding systems used in animal production, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

Choice feeding involves providing animals with access to a variety of feedstuffs, allowing them to select their own diet based on their preferences and nutritional needs.

Feed analysis is a common method used to evaluate the nutritional value of feedstuffs by determining their nutrient composition and quality.

Nutritional supplementation involves providing animals with specific nutrients or supplements to address deficiencies or support specific physiological functions, such as growth, reproduction, or immunity.

Rickets, scurvy, night blindness, and pica are all common types of nutritional disorders that can occur in animals due to a deficiency of a specific nutrient.

Nutritional assessment involves evaluating the nutritional status of animals to identify any deficiencies or imbalances, considering factors such as diet, body condition, and performance.

Feed fortification, mineral supplementation, vitamin supplementation, and balanced diets are all common methods used to prevent nutritional deficiencies in animals.