Monoculture, or the practice of growing the same crop year after year on the same land, can lead to soil degradation, pest outbreaks, and increased reliance on pesticides and fertilizers.

IPM aims to reduce the reliance on pesticides by using a combination of methods, including biological control, cultural practices, and selective pesticide use.

While reducing fertilizer use can have many benefits, it may not necessarily lead to increased crop yields. In fact, excessive fertilizer use can actually harm crop growth and yields.

Fertilizers, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, are the primary source of water pollution from agriculture. When these nutrients are applied in excess, they can run off into waterways, causing algal blooms and other water quality problems.

Flushing animal waste into waterways is an improper and illegal way to dispose of animal waste. It can contaminate water sources and pose health risks.

Conservation tillage is a farming practice that leaves crop residues on the field to protect the soil from erosion and improve soil health.

Agroforestry, the practice of integrating trees and shrubs into agricultural systems, provides many benefits, including reduced soil erosion, improved water quality, and increased biodiversity. It does not typically increase susceptibility to pests and diseases.

Biological control is the practice of using natural enemies, such as predators, parasites, and pathogens, to control pests in a sustainable manner.

Applying pesticides is a chemical control method, not a cultural practice. Cultural practices in pest management involve modifying the environment or agricultural practices to make it less favorable for pests.

Genetic engineering is the process of modifying an organism's DNA to give it new or enhanced traits. It can be used to develop crop varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, reducing the need for pesticides and herbicides.

Precision agriculture, which involves using technology to collect and analyze data to make informed decisions about crop management, can lead to reduced pesticide and fertilizer use, improved crop yields, and reduced soil erosion. It does not typically increase labor costs.

Remote sensing involves using technology, such as drones or satellites, to collect data on various aspects of agriculture from a distance.

Increasing the use of fossil fuels will increase greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing the use of synthetic fertilizers, improving energy efficiency on farms, and planting cover crops are all ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.

Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops on the same land in a sequential order over time. It helps to maintain soil health, reduce pests and diseases, and improve yields.

Cover crops provide many benefits, including reduced soil erosion, improved soil health, and increased water infiltration. They do not typically increase susceptibility to pests and diseases.