Myelography is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a contrast agent to visualize the spinal cord and nerve roots. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and tumors.

Iodine-based contrast agents are commonly used in myelography because they provide good visualization of the spinal cord and nerve roots. Gadolinium-based contrast agents are also sometimes used, but they are more likely to cause side effects.

In myelography, the contrast agent is typically administered through a spinal tap. A needle is inserted into the spinal canal, and the contrast agent is injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The CSF helps to distribute the contrast agent throughout the spinal canal, ensuring that all areas of the spinal cord and nerve roots are visualized.

Myelography is typically performed using X-ray imaging. X-rays are able to visualize the contrast agent as it flows through the spinal canal and around the spinal cord and nerve roots.

Myelography is generally a safe procedure, but it can be associated with some potential complications. These complications may include headache, nausea and vomiting, back pain, and infection.

Myelography is typically not recommended for pregnant women, patients with a history of iodine allergy, patients with severe kidney disease, and patients with a bleeding disorder.

MRI is generally considered to be the preferred imaging modality for the evaluation of spinal disorders because it provides better visualization of the spinal cord and nerve roots compared to myelography.

CT is sometimes used in myelography to obtain cross-sectional images of the spine. These images can be helpful in evaluating the anatomy of the spine and detecting abnormalities in the bone structure.

The typical duration of a myelography procedure is 1 to 2 hours. This includes the time needed for the preparation, the injection of the contrast agent, and the imaging process.

The contrast agent used in myelography typically clears from the body within 1 to 2 days. During this time, patients may experience some discoloration of their urine.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine studies are all alternative imaging modalities that can be used to evaluate spinal disorders instead of myelography.

The radiologist is responsible for interpreting the images obtained during myelography and providing a diagnosis. The radiologist will look for abnormalities in the spinal cord, nerve roots, and surrounding structures.

The patient plays an important role in myelography by providing informed consent for the procedure, following the instructions of the healthcare team, and remaining still during the imaging process.