Immunomodulation in regenerative medicine aims to prevent the immune system from recognizing and attacking transplanted tissues, thereby reducing the risk of rejection.

The cell-mediated immune response, particularly the activation of cytotoxic T cells, plays a crucial role in transplant rejection by recognizing and destroying foreign tissues.

Immunosuppressive drugs primarily work by blocking the activation of T cells, preventing them from recognizing and attacking transplanted tissues.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in inducing immune tolerance by suppressing the activation and proliferation of other immune cells, thereby preventing immune rejection.

Immunological privilege refers to the ability of certain tissues, such as the brain and eyes, to evade immune recognition and attack, preventing immune-mediated damage.

The JAK/STAT pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in T cell activation and proliferation. Immunosuppressive drugs often target this pathway to inhibit T cell responses.

A major challenge in achieving long-term immune tolerance is finding a balance between immunosuppression to prevent rejection and maintaining sufficient immune function to protect against infections and other diseases.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and have shown promise in regenerative medicine due to their ability to suppress immune responses and promote tissue repair.

Cytokines play a crucial role in immunomodulation during tissue regeneration by promoting immune tolerance and suppressing immune rejection.

Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells that play a critical role in initiating immune responses by presenting antigens to T cells.

Immunomodulation refers to the process of modifying or regulating the immune response, including reducing the immunogenicity of transplanted tissues or cells.

The humoral immune response is characterized by the production of antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in immune tolerance by suppressing immune responses and preventing autoimmunity.

The PI3K/Akt pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in B cell activation and differentiation. Immunosuppressive drugs often target this pathway to inhibit B cell responses.

Immune tolerance refers to the phenomenon where the immune system recognizes and accepts transplanted tissues or cells as self, preventing immune rejection.