Rational Choice Theory argues that individuals engage in collective action when they perceive the benefits of doing so outweigh the costs.

Relative Deprivation Theory posits that collective action is driven by individuals' perception that they are being treated unfairly or unjustly compared to others.

Social Network Theory emphasizes the importance of social ties and connections in mobilizing and sustaining collective action.

Political Process Theory argues that social movements aim to influence government policies and decision-making through various forms of political action.

Social Identity Theory posits that individuals' sense of belonging to a particular social group influences their participation in collective action.

Resource Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of various resources, including financial, human, and organizational, for the success of social movements.

Social Identity Theory posits that individuals' sense of belonging to a particular social group influences their participation in collective action.

Political Opportunity Theory argues that social movements are more likely to succeed when there are favorable political conditions, such as political instability, economic crisis, and weak government institutions.

Relative Deprivation Theory posits that collective action is driven by individuals' perception that they are being treated unfairly or unjustly compared to others.

New Social Movement Theory argues that contemporary social movements focus on issues such as environmental protection, peace and disarmament, women's rights, and other cultural and identity-based issues.

Cultural Theory posits that cultural beliefs, values, and norms influence individuals' participation in collective action.

Framing Theory argues that social movements use various strategies, including defining problems and solutions, using symbols and narratives, and building coalitions, to shape public opinion and mobilize support.

Emotional Contagion Theory posits that emotions can spread from one individual to another, influencing collective action and social movements.

Social Movement Theory argues that the primary goal of social movements is to bring about social change through collective action.

Elite Theory posits that social movements are often led by elites or influential individuals who have the resources and power to mobilize and sustain collective action.