Filigree is a technique in which thin metal wires are twisted, bent, and soldered together to form delicate and intricate designs on metal surfaces.

Repoussé is a technique in which a metal sheet is hammered from the back using punches and hammers to create raised designs on its surface.

Damascene is a technique in which different metals, such as gold, silver, or copper, are inlaid into a base metal, usually iron or steel, to create intricate patterns and designs.

Enameling is a technique in which powdered glass is fused to a metal surface using heat, creating colorful and decorative designs.

Gilding is a technique in which thin sheets of gold are applied to a metal surface using heat or adhesives, creating a shimmering and luxurious effect.

Engraving is a technique in which intricate designs are created on metal surfaces by engraving or carving lines and patterns using sharp tools.

Niello is a technique in which a black mixture of silver, lead, and sulfur is applied to engraved or etched metal surfaces, creating contrasting designs.

Gem-setting is a technique in which precious stones, such as diamonds, rubies, and emeralds, are set into metal surfaces using various methods, such as prongs, bezels, or channels.

Chasing is a technique in which intricate designs are created on metal surfaces using a chisel and hammer to cut and shape the metal, creating raised or recessed areas.

Embossing is a technique in which a raised design is created on a metal surface by hammering from the front, using punches and hammers to create the desired shape and texture.

Bidriware is a technique that combines hammering, chasing, and engraving to create intricate designs on metal surfaces, often using a black mixture of silver, lead, and sulfur to create contrasting effects.

Thewa is a technique that combines hammering, engraving, and enameling to create intricate designs on metal surfaces, often using colored glass powders to create vibrant and colorful patterns.

Damascene is a technique that combines hammering, engraving, and gem-setting to create intricate designs on metal surfaces, often using gold, silver, or copper to create contrasting effects.

Repoussé is a technique that combines hammering, chasing, and gilding to create intricate designs on metal surfaces, often using thin sheets of gold or silver to create a shimmering and luxurious effect.

Thewa is a technique that combines hammering, chasing, and enameling to create intricate designs on metal surfaces, often using colored glass powders to create vibrant and colorful patterns.