Environmental degradation, such as climate change, deforestation, and pollution, is the primary cause of environmental refugees.

SDG 13: Climate Action aims to address the causes and consequences of climate change, including the displacement of people due to environmental factors.

Environmental displacement has multifaceted negative impacts on the achievement of the SDGs, including hindering poverty reduction, exacerbating food insecurity, and undermining efforts to promote peace and stability.

International cooperation plays a crucial role in addressing the issue of environmental refugees by facilitating the sharing of resources and expertise, promoting the development of international legal frameworks, and encouraging the adoption of policies that support environmental refugees.

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is primarily responsible for coordinating global efforts to address environmental displacement.

The Global Compact on Refugees is a non-binding framework for international cooperation on refugee issues, including environmental refugees.

All of the mentioned SDG targets address the needs of environmental refugees by focusing on resilience, reducing violence, and promoting global partnerships.

Environmental refugees face various challenges, including lack of legal recognition and protection, limited access to humanitarian aid, and discrimination and xenophobia.

Promoting the inclusion of environmental refugees in sustainable development efforts requires a comprehensive approach that includes recognizing their rights, providing legal protection, ensuring access to basic services and livelihood opportunities, and addressing the root causes of environmental displacement.

Local communities play a crucial role in supporting environmental refugees by providing shelter and food, sharing resources and knowledge, and promoting social cohesion and integration.

Ensuring that environmental refugees have a voice in decision-making processes requires involving them in consultations and participatory processes, providing them with access to information and education, and empowering them to advocate for their rights.

Best practices in addressing the issue of environmental refugees include adopting policies that support their rights, investing in climate adaptation and resilience measures, and promoting sustainable land management practices.

Measuring progress in achieving the SDGs for environmental refugees involves tracking the number of environmental refugees, monitoring the implementation of policies and programs that support them, and assessing the impact of these policies and programs on their lives.

Implementing the Global Compact on Refugees faces challenges such as lack of political will and commitment, insufficient financial resources, and limited capacity of national governments.

Effective implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees requires raising awareness about the issue of environmental refugees, advocating for increased funding and support, and holding governments accountable for their commitments.