Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, is widely regarded as the father of Indian financial literature due to his contributions in his book, Arthashastra, which covers various aspects of economics, politics, and finance.

The Arthashastra, written by Kautilya, is an ancient Indian text that provides a comprehensive analysis of financial instruments, transactions, and economic policies, making it a significant contribution to financial literature.

The Arthashastra primarily focuses on the accumulation of wealth and the efficient management of financial resources by the state, emphasizing the importance of economic prosperity.

Aryabhata, a renowned Indian mathematician, is credited with introducing the concept of zero and its use in financial calculations, revolutionizing the field of mathematics and enabling more accurate accounting practices.

The Fibonacci sequence, a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, has been used in Indian financial literature for stock market analysis, particularly in identifying potential market trends and patterns.

Brahmagupta, an influential Indian mathematician, is credited with discovering the golden ratio, a specific proportion found in nature and art, and its applications in financial markets, including its use in determining optimal investment portfolios.

Pingala, an ancient Indian mathematician, is known for formulating the binomial theorem, a fundamental concept in probability and statistics, which has significant applications in financial modeling and risk assessment.

Bhaskaracharya, a renowned Indian mathematician, is credited with developing the concept of compound interest, where interest is calculated on both the principal amount and the accumulated interest, and its applications in financial calculations, including loan amortization and investment planning.

The concept of 'Panchayati Raj' in Indian financial literature refers to the system of local self-governance, where financial resources and decision-making are decentralized to local communities, enabling them to manage their financial affairs.

Mahalanobis, an influential Indian economist, is known for his contributions to the theory of economic development, particularly his emphasis on self-reliance, balanced growth, and the importance of heavy industries in achieving economic progress.

In his book 'The Argumentative Indian', Amartya Sen explores the influence of Indian philosophy, particularly the tradition of argumentation and debate, on economic thought and development in India.

Amartya Sen, a Nobel laureate in Economics, is renowned for his work on poverty, inequality, and social choice theory. He developed the 'Sen Index', a measure of inequality that considers both income and non-income factors.

Jagdish Bhagwati, a prominent Indian economist, is known for his contributions to international trade theory and policy. He formulated the 'Bhagwati-Srinivasan theorem', which analyzes the relationship between tariffs and the terms of trade.

Manmohan Singh, a former Prime Minister of India, is known for his contributions to economic reforms and his role in liberalizing the Indian economy. He implemented policies that opened up the economy to foreign investment and trade, leading to significant economic growth.

The 'Hindu rate of growth' is a term used to describe the average growth rate of the Indian economy, particularly during the period of economic liberalization in the 1990s. It refers to the relatively slow and steady growth rate experienced by India compared to other rapidly growing economies.