Wilhelm Wundt is widely recognized as the father of modern psychology due to his pioneering work in establishing the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.

Psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud, proposes that the mind is divided into three parts: the id, ego, and superego, each with distinct functions and motivations.

Learning refers to the mental process by which individuals acquire knowledge, skills, and behaviors through experience, observation, and interaction with their environment.

The availability heuristic is a cognitive bias that occurs when individuals judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily they can recall instances of that event, leading to overestimation of vivid and emotionally charged events.

Self-concept refers to the mental representation of the self, encompassing an individual's beliefs, values, personality traits, and self-perceptions.

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when individuals in a group suppress their own opinions and conform to the majority view, often leading to flawed decision-making.

Retrieval is the mental process of accessing and bringing information from long-term memory into conscious awareness.

Humanistic psychology, pioneered by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, emphasizes the importance of personal growth, self-actualization, and the pursuit of meaning in human behavior.

Perception is the mental process of combining and organizing sensory information from the environment to form a coherent and meaningful representation of the world.

Self-serving bias is a psychological phenomenon in which individuals tend to attribute their successes to internal factors (e.g., skill, effort) and their failures to external factors (e.g., bad luck, circumstances).

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that allow individuals to make quick and efficient judgments and decisions based on limited information, often leading to biases and errors.

Psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping human behavior and personality.

Divided attention refers to the mental process of allocating attention to two or more tasks or activities simultaneously.

Illusion of control is a psychological phenomenon in which individuals overestimate their ability to control events or outcomes, even when they have little or no actual control.

Associative learning refers to the mental process of forming new associations between stimuli or ideas, such as in classical conditioning and operant conditioning.