Meghnad Saha is widely regarded as the father of modern Indian astronomy for his pioneering work in astrophysics, particularly his development of the Saha ionization equation.

Govind Swarup, a renowned Indian astronomer, made the groundbreaking discovery of the first radio galaxy, Cygnus A, in 1953.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) is the largest optical telescope in India, located at an altitude of 4,500 meters in the Himalayas.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, an Indian-American astrophysicist, was the first to propose the idea of black holes in his 1930 paper on the limiting mass of white dwarf stars.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is the national space agency of India, responsible for space exploration, satellite development, and space-based applications.

M. N. Saha, a renowned Indian astrophysicist, made significant contributions to the field of stellar evolution, particularly through his development of the Saha ionization equation.

Aryabhata, named after the ancient Indian astronomer, was the first Indian satellite launched into space in 1975.

Govind Swarup, a prominent Indian astronomer, played a crucial role in the development and construction of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT).

The Vainu Bappu Observatory, located in Kavalur, Tamil Nadu, is a major astronomical observatory in India.

J. C. Bhattacharya, an Indian physicist and astronomer, made significant contributions to the study of cosmic rays and was instrumental in establishing the Cosmic Ray Research Unit in Kolkata.

Aditya-L1 is an Indian satellite mission designed to study the Sun and its impact on Earth's climate and space weather.

Vikram Sarabhai, a renowned Indian physicist and astronomer, played a key role in the establishment of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) in Bengaluru.

The Naini Tal Observatory, located in Naini Tal, Uttarakhand, is a major astronomical observatory in India.

Jayant Narlikar, an Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist, made significant contributions to the field of cosmology, particularly through his work on alternative theories of gravity and the steady-state theory.

INSAT-3D is an Indian satellite that was launched to study the Earth's atmosphere and provide meteorological data.