John Roberts

Clarence Thomas

Stephen Breyer

Samuel Alito

7

8

9

10

Supreme Court

Court of Appeals

District Court

State Supreme Court

To interpret the Constitution

To make laws

To enforce laws

To review lower court decisions

The President nominates a candidate, and the Senate confirms the nomination

The President appoints a candidate, and the Senate confirms the appointment

The Senate nominates a candidate, and the President confirms the nomination

The Senate appoints a candidate, and the President confirms the appointment

4 years

8 years

12 years

Lifetime

They are binding on all lower courts

They can be overturned by Congress

They can be overturned by the President

They can be overturned by the Supreme Court itself

A two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of the states

A two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress and ratification by two-thirds of the states

A simple majority vote of both houses of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of the states

A simple majority vote of both houses of Congress and ratification by two-thirds of the states

10

15

20

27

Freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and the press

The right to bear arms

The right to a trial by jury

The right to due process of law

The right to bear arms

The right to a trial by jury

The right to due process of law

The right to equal protection under the law

The right to a trial by jury

The right to due process of law

The right to equal protection under the law

The right to remain silent

The right to equal protection under the law

The right to vote

The right to citizenship

The right to due process of law

The right to vote

The right to citizenship

The right to due process of law

The right to equal protection under the law