David Hume argued that the self is not a permanent, unchanging entity, but rather a collection of perceptions that are constantly changing.

The mind-body problem is a philosophical problem that addresses the relationship between the mind and the physical body.

Ludwig Wittgenstein argued that the self is not a fixed entity, but rather a product of language and social interactions.

Solipsism is the philosophical position that the only thing that can be known with certainty is the existence of one's own mind.

Emile Durkheim argued that the self is a social construct that is shaped by the norms and values of society.

Realism is the philosophical position that reality exists independently of the mind.

Immanuel Kant argued that reality is fundamentally unknowable because it is beyond the limits of human experience.

Idealism is the philosophical position that reality is created by the mind.

Nick Bostrom is a philosopher who has argued that reality may be a simulation created by a more advanced civilization.

Nihilism is the philosophical position that reality is fundamentally meaningless.

Jacques Derrida argued that reality is a product of language and that there is no objective reality outside of language.

Heraclitus was a Greek philosopher who argued that reality is constantly changing and evolving.

Parmenides was a Greek philosopher who argued that reality is a unified whole that is unchanging and eternal.

Atomism is the philosophical position that reality is composed of fundamental particles that are indivisible and unchangeable.

Empedocles was a Greek philosopher who argued that reality is composed of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water.