The United Nations was established in 1945 after World War II to prevent future wars and promote peace and security.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is responsible for regulating international trade and ensuring that trade flows smoothly, predictably, and freely.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides financial assistance to countries facing economic difficulties, such as balance of payments problems or currency crises.

The World Bank provides financial assistance to developing countries for economic development projects, such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare.

The Security Council is the body of the United Nations responsible for maintaining international peace and security.

The World Health Organization (WHO) is responsible for promoting cooperation in the field of health and leading and coordinating global efforts to ensure the attainment of the highest possible level of health for all people.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is responsible for promoting cooperation in the field of education, science, culture, and communication.

The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) is responsible for promoting cooperation in the field of environmental protection and ensuring the sound management of the environment.

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is responsible for promoting cooperation in the field of development and helping countries achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is responsible for promoting cooperation in the field of children's rights and providing humanitarian aid to children in need.

International organizations face a number of challenges in promoting global governance, including lack of funding, lack of cooperation among member states, and lack of political will.

International organizations can be more effective in promoting global governance by increasing funding, increasing cooperation among member states, and increasing political will.

NGOs play a variety of roles in global governance, including providing humanitarian aid, advocating for social and environmental causes, and monitoring the activities of international organizations.

Individuals can contribute to the effectiveness of international organizations by supporting NGOs, voting for candidates who support international cooperation, and educating themselves about global issues.

The future of global governance lies in increased cooperation among international organizations, between international organizations and NGOs, and between international organizations and member states.