Abraham Lincoln was the president of the United States during the Civil War and served as the commander-in-chief of the Union Army.

South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.

The Confederate Constitution was the constitution of the Confederate States of America, adopted in 1861.

The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, is often regarded as the turning point of the Civil War, as it marked the end of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's second invasion of the North.

Robert E. Lee was the commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, the main army of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War.

Ulysses S. Grant led the Union Army to victory in the Siege of Vicksburg, which lasted from May 18 to July 4, 1863, and was a major turning point in the Western Theater of the Civil War.

William T. Sherman led the Union Army on the "March to the Sea" through Georgia in 1864, a campaign that aimed to destroy Confederate infrastructure and resources.

The Battle of Appomattox Court House, fought on April 9, 1865, resulted in the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the Civil War.

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865, formally abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States.

Andrew Johnson, who was Lincoln's vice president, succeeded him as president after his assassination in April 1865.

Reconstruction was the policy implemented by the federal government to rebuild the Southern states after the Civil War and to reintegrate them into the Union.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1870, prohibited states from depriving citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The Freedmen's Bureau was a federal agency established in 1865 to provide aid and assistance to freed slaves during the Reconstruction era.

Millard Fillmore was the president who signed the Compromise of 1850 into law, which included measures such as the admission of California as a free state and the Fugitive Slave Act.

The USS Monitor was a Union ironclad warship that fought against the CSS Virginia (formerly USS Merrimack) in the Battle of Hampton Roads in 1862, marking the first battle between ironclad warships.