The primary goal of waste recycling technologies is to divert waste from landfills, thereby reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal.

Incineration is a waste disposal method that involves burning waste to generate energy. It is not considered a recycling technology as it does not result in the recovery of materials for reuse.

Shredding is the process of mechanically breaking down waste materials into smaller particles. This is often done as a preparatory step before other recycling processes, such as sorting or composting.

Composting is a biological process that involves the decomposition of organic waste by microorganisms, resulting in a nutrient-rich soil amendment.

Gasification is a thermochemical process that converts waste materials into a gaseous fuel, known as syngas, through the application of heat and limited oxygen.

Mechanical recycling offers multiple benefits, including the conservation of natural resources, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and creation of new jobs.

Hydrocracking is a chemical recycling process that involves breaking down waste plastics into smaller molecules, which can then be refined into liquid fuels.

Sorting is a mechanical process that separates different materials from a waste stream, such as paper, plastic, metal, and glass, for further recycling.

Chemical recycling involves the use of chemical processes to break down waste materials into their basic components, which can then be used to create new chemicals and materials.

Waste recycling faces several challenges, including the high cost of recycling facilities, lack of consumer awareness about the importance of recycling, and contamination of recyclable materials.

Waste-to-energy is a process that involves the conversion of waste materials into electricity through incineration, gasification, or pyrolysis.

Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that involves the decomposition of waste materials through the application of heat in the absence of oxygen.

Refuse-derived fuel is a solid fuel produced from waste materials through a process that involves shredding, drying, and pelletizing.

Chemical recycling offers multiple benefits, including the conversion of waste materials into new chemicals and materials, reduction in the need for virgin materials, and conservation of natural resources.

Hydrocracking is a chemical recycling process that involves breaking down waste plastics into smaller molecules, which can then be refined into liquid fuels.