David Hume argued that the self is not a permanent, unchanging entity, but rather a collection of constantly changing perceptions.

Consciousness is the subjective experience of the world, including one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

George Herbert Mead argued that the self is not an innate, fixed entity, but rather a product of social interaction and communication.

Introspection is the process of turning one's attention inward to examine one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

René Descartes argued that the self is a unified, indivisible entity, distinct from the body and the external world.

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the thoughts and feelings of others.

Paul Ricoeur argued that the self is a narrative construct, shaped by the stories we tell about ourselves and our lives.

Depersonalization is the process of losing one's sense of self, feeling detached from one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

Ludwig Wittgenstein argued that the self is a product of language, shaped by the ways in which we talk about ourselves and the world.

Metacognition is the ability to reflect on one's own thoughts and feelings, and to understand how they influence one's behavior.

Sigmund Freud argued that the self is a site of struggle between competing desires, driven by the unconscious mind.

Existential angst is the process of coming to terms with one's own mortality and the meaninglessness of life.

Karl Marx argued that the self is a product of social and cultural forces, shaped by one's class position and the economic system.

Prospection is the ability to imagine oneself in the future, and to plan and prepare for future events.

Michel Foucault argued that the self is a product of power relations, shaped by the ways in which power is exercised and resisted.