Polarizing filters are designed to reduce reflections from non-metallic surfaces, such as water, glass, and leaves, by blocking light waves that are vibrating in a particular direction.

Starburst filters, also known as cross-screen filters, are specifically designed to create a starburst effect in photographs by diffracting light from bright points in the scene.

Neutral density filters are used to reduce the amount of light entering the camera, allowing photographers to use slower shutter speeds or wider apertures in bright conditions.

Graduated neutral density filters are designed to darken the sky in landscape photography by reducing the amount of light reaching the camera from the brighter upper portion of the scene.

Ultraviolet filters are used to block ultraviolet light from reaching the camera's sensor, which can cause a bluish cast in photographs and reduce image sharpness.

Soft-focus filters are designed to create a soft-focus effect in photographs by reducing the sharpness of the image.

Color correction filters are used to correct the color balance of an image by adding or subtracting specific colors.

Diffusion filters are used to reduce the appearance of skin blemishes and wrinkles in portraits by softening the focus and creating a more flattering look.

Macro filters are used to allow photographers to take close-up photographs of small objects by reducing the minimum focusing distance of the lens.

Vignette filters are designed to create a vignette effect in photographs by darkening the edges of the image while leaving the center brighter.

Fisheye filters are used to create a fisheye lens effect in photographs, which produces a wide-angle view with a distorted, curved perspective.

A neutral density filter (ND4) reduces the amount of light entering the camera by two stops, allowing photographers to use slower shutter speeds or wider apertures in bright conditions.

Warming filters are used to create a warmer color tone in photographs by adding a yellowish or reddish cast to the image.

Polarizing filters are effective in reducing the appearance of glare and reflections from water surfaces by blocking light waves that are vibrating in a particular direction.

Close-up filters are used to allow photographers to take close-up photographs without the need for a dedicated macro lens.