Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and are considered non-renewable because they take millions of years to form.

Energy conversion is the process of transforming energy from one form to another, such as converting electrical energy to mechanical energy or thermal energy to electrical energy.

In a hydroelectric power plant, the mechanical energy of flowing water is converted into electrical energy using a turbine and generator.

Most internal combustion engines, such as those found in cars and trucks, rely on fossil fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, as their primary energy source.

Solar photovoltaic systems utilize the photovoltaic effect to convert light energy from the sun directly into electrical energy.

Nuclear power plants use nuclear fuel, typically uranium or plutonium, as their primary energy source.

Wind turbines utilize the kinetic energy of the wind to generate mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy using a generator.

Energy storage involves capturing and storing energy in various forms, such as chemical, mechanical, or electrical, for later use.

Battery storage is widely used in electric vehicles to store electrical energy for powering the vehicle's electric motor.

Geothermal power plants utilize the heat from the Earth's interior to generate steam, which drives a turbine to produce electricity.

Fuel cells utilize a chemical reaction between a fuel, such as hydrogen, and an oxidant, such as oxygen, to generate electrical energy.

Energy transfer involves moving energy from one location to another, such as transferring heat from a hot object to a cold object.

Steam turbines utilize the thermal energy of steam to generate mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy using a generator.

Energy utilization involves using energy to perform work or accomplish a task, such as using electrical energy to power a light bulb or mechanical energy to move a machine.

Hydroelectric power plants utilize the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy using a generator.