Environmental ethics is the branch of philosophy that examines the moral relationship between humans and the natural world.

Biocentrism is an ethical theory that holds that all living things have inherent value, regardless of their usefulness to humans.

The environmental justice movement seeks to address the disproportionate environmental burdens that are often placed on marginalized communities.

The intergenerational equity principle holds that we have a moral obligation to ensure that our actions do not harm future generations.

The conservation movement seeks to protect biodiversity and ensure the sustainable use of natural resources.

Animal rights theory holds that animals have inherent rights, such as the right to life and the right to be free from suffering.

The sustainable development movement seeks to promote economic growth while also protecting the environment and ensuring social justice.

The principle of cultural respect holds that we have a moral obligation to respect the cultural and spiritual values of indigenous peoples.

The climate justice movement seeks to address the disproportionate impacts of climate change on marginalized communities and to promote a just transition to a low-carbon economy.

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds that the right action is the one that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

The degrowth movement seeks to reduce economic growth in order to promote sustainability and social justice.

The principle of responsibility holds that we have a moral obligation to take responsibility for the environmental impacts of our actions.

The ecofeminism movement seeks to address the disproportionate impacts of environmental degradation on women and to promote gender equality.

Deep ecology is an ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of living in harmony with nature and respecting the inherent value of all living things.

The permaculture movement seeks to design sustainable agricultural systems that mimic the natural world.