Cultivation Theory posits that prolonged exposure to media content can shape individuals' perceptions of reality and social norms.

Content Analysis is a systematic and objective approach to examining media content, often using quantitative and qualitative techniques.

Uses and Gratifications Theory explores why and how individuals use media, emphasizing the gratifications or needs they seek to fulfill through media consumption.

Survey Research involves collecting data from a sample of individuals using questionnaires or interviews to make inferences about a larger population.

Agenda-Setting Theory focuses on the media's ability to influence the public's perception of the importance and salience of issues.

Ethnography is a qualitative research method that involves immersing oneself in a particular cultural group or community to understand their beliefs, practices, and interactions.

Experimental Research aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships between media variables and outcomes by manipulating one variable while controlling for others.

Selective Perception Theory posits that individuals tend to interpret media messages in a way that aligns with their existing beliefs and attitudes.

Case Study Research involves in-depth analysis of a single case or a small number of cases to gain insights into a particular phenomenon or issue.

Participant Observation involves researchers immersing themselves in a setting and directly observing the behavior and interactions of individuals or groups.

Spiral of Silence Theory suggests that individuals are less likely to express opinions that deviate from the perceived majority view due to fear of isolation or social disapproval.

Qualitative Research involves collecting data through in-depth interviews, focus groups, or observations to gain insights into individuals' experiences, beliefs, and attitudes.

Action Research involves conducting research with the aim of improving or changing a particular situation or phenomenon.

Uses and Gratifications Theory posits that individuals use media to satisfy specific needs or gratifications, including gaining information and knowledge.

Discourse Analysis involves examining the ways in which language is used in media messages to construct meaning and shape public opinion.