Realist theory posits that states are rational actors primarily motivated by their national interests and power. It views diplomacy as a means to achieve these interests and maintain a balance of power.

Liberal theory emphasizes the role of diplomacy in fostering cooperation, promoting peace, and establishing international institutions to regulate interactions between states.

Constructivist theory argues that diplomatic interactions are influenced by shared ideas, norms, and cultural understandings that shape the identities and interests of states.

Marxist theory views diplomacy as a tool used by the ruling class to maintain their power and control over the means of production.

Communication theory focuses on the role of communication and negotiation in facilitating diplomatic interactions and resolving conflicts through dialogue and understanding.

Track I diplomacy refers to official diplomatic interactions conducted directly between high-ranking government representatives.

Track II diplomacy refers to unofficial diplomatic interactions involving non-state actors who engage in dialogue and negotiations to facilitate conflict resolution and understanding.

Public diplomacy aims to build mutual understanding, trust, and goodwill between nations through cultural exchanges, educational programs, and media engagement.

Cultural diplomacy utilizes cultural exchanges, arts, and educational programs to foster mutual understanding, respect, and cooperation between nations.

Shuttle diplomacy involves a mediator traveling between parties in a conflict to facilitate negotiations and find common ground.

Coercive diplomacy employs military force or the threat of force to compel another state to accept certain demands or concessions.

Preventive diplomacy aims to identify and address potential sources of conflict before they escalate into full-blown disputes.

Confidence-building diplomacy involves initiatives and measures aimed at reducing tensions, fostering trust, and promoting cooperation between nations.

Peacemaking diplomacy aims to negotiate and facilitate agreements between conflicting parties to end hostilities and establish peace.

Development diplomacy utilizes diplomatic efforts to promote economic development, poverty reduction, and sustainable growth in developing countries.