Surface water

Groundwater

Rainwater

Desalinated water

To remove suspended solids

To kill bacteria and viruses

To adjust the pH of the water

To remove dissolved minerals

Chlorine

Fluoride

Ozone

Ultraviolet light

To collect and store water

To treat water

To distribute water to consumers

To remove pollutants from water

0.015 mg/L

0.05 mg/L

0.1 mg/L

0.2 mg/L

To measure the amount of water used by a customer

To regulate the flow of water to a customer

To prevent backflow of water into the distribution system

To detect leaks in the distribution system

Cast iron

Ductile iron

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Concrete

To provide water for firefighting

To flush the distribution system

To provide access to the distribution system for maintenance

To regulate the flow of water in the distribution system

0

1

5

10

To remove contaminants from water

To store water

To distribute water to consumers

To regulate the flow of water in the distribution system

Conventional water treatment plant

Membrane filtration water treatment plant

Reverse osmosis water treatment plant

Disinfection-only water treatment plant

To remove suspended solids

To kill bacteria and viruses

To adjust the pH of the water

To remove dissolved minerals

To remove suspended solids

To kill bacteria and viruses

To adjust the pH of the water

To remove dissolved minerals

To remove suspended solids

To kill bacteria and viruses

To adjust the pH of the water

To remove dissolved minerals

To ensure that drinking water meets regulatory standards

To identify and address water quality problems

To educate the public about water quality

All of the above