Housing and urban planning aims to create livable and sustainable communities that meet the needs of all residents, including affordable housing, access to jobs and services, and a healthy environment.

Sprawl is a type of urban development that is characterized by low-density housing and a lack of mixed-use development. It is not a key element of sustainable urban planning because it can lead to increased traffic congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Urban renewal is a process of redeveloping and revitalizing older urban areas, often through the use of government funding and incentives. It can involve a variety of activities, such as demolishing old buildings and constructing new ones, improving infrastructure, and providing new amenities.

Adaptive reuse is the process of converting a non-residential building into a residential building. This can be done for a variety of reasons, such as to create more affordable housing, to revitalize older urban areas, or to preserve historic buildings.

Historic preservation is the process of preserving and protecting historic buildings and districts. This can be done through a variety of means, such as designating buildings as landmarks, providing financial incentives for owners to rehabilitate historic buildings, and regulating the demolition of historic buildings.

Infill development is the process of increasing the density of housing in a particular area by building new housing units on vacant or underused land. This can be done through a variety of means, such as constructing new townhouses or apartments, or converting single-family homes into multi-family homes.

Complete streets are streets that are designed to be safe and accessible for all users, including pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists. This can be done through a variety of means, such as widening sidewalks, adding bike lanes, and installing traffic calming measures.

Mixed-use development is a type of development that includes a variety of uses, such as residential, commercial, and retail, in the same area. This can help to create a more walkable and bikeable community where people can live, work, and play without having to drive.

Compact development is a type of development that creates a community where people live close together and have easy access to public transportation. This can help to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Transportation demand management is the process of creating a community where people have access to a variety of transportation options, such as public transportation, walking, and biking. This can help to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Inclusionary zoning is a policy that requires developers to include a certain percentage of affordable housing units in their new developments. This can help to create a community where people have access to affordable housing.

Farmers markets are a type of market where farmers can sell their products directly to consumers. This can help to create a community where people have access to healthy food.

Parks and recreation is a type of program that provides people with access to parks, green space, and recreational activities. This can help to create a community where people are healthy and active.

Public education is a type of education that is provided by the government. This can help to create a community where people have access to quality education.

Community health centers are a type of healthcare facility that provides primary care to people in underserved communities. This can help to create a community where people have access to quality healthcare.