Adequate ventilation is essential for removing harmful gases, such as ammonia and carbon dioxide, which can accumulate in poultry housing and cause respiratory problems and other health issues.

Battery cages are commonly used for egg production due to their space efficiency and ease of management. However, concerns about animal welfare have led to a growing demand for alternative housing systems.

The recommended stocking density for broiler chickens is typically around 10 birds per square meter to ensure adequate space for movement, feeding, and resting.

The ideal temperature range for optimal growth and performance of broiler chickens is typically between 23°C and 27°C. Temperatures outside this range can lead to stress, reduced feed intake, and impaired growth.

Intermittent lighting programs, such as 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness, are commonly used in poultry housing to stimulate egg production by mimicking the natural day-night cycle.

Beak trimming is primarily done to prevent feather pecking and cannibalism, which can occur due to stress, overcrowding, or nutritional deficiencies.

Litter flooring, such as wood shavings or straw, is commonly used in poultry housing to provide cushioning and promote foot health. It also helps absorb moisture and reduce the risk of bumblefoot, a bacterial infection of the foot.

The recommended relative humidity level in poultry housing is typically between 45% and 55% to prevent respiratory problems and maintain a comfortable environment for the birds.

Infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious viral disease that affects the respiratory system of poultry, causing symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge.

Salmonella is primarily transmitted to poultry through contact with contaminated feed or water. It can also be spread through contact with infected birds or contaminated equipment.

Coccidiostat medication is commonly used to control coccidiosis in poultry by preventing the development of the parasite in the bird's gut.

Perches are provided in poultry housing to encourage natural behavior, such as roosting and perching, which helps reduce stress and promote the birds' well-being.

To prevent heat stress in poultry during hot weather, a combination of management practices is typically used, including providing adequate ventilation, misting or fogging to cool the birds, and reducing stocking density to minimize overcrowding.

Poultry housing and equipment should be cleaned and disinfected regularly, typically on a weekly basis, to maintain good hygiene and prevent the buildup of pathogens and disease-causing organisms.

Newcastle disease vaccination programs can utilize live vaccines, inactivated vaccines, or recombinant vaccines, depending on the specific circumstances and requirements.