Punishment is not an element of a crime, but rather a consequence imposed after a person is convicted of a crime.

In most criminal cases, the prosecution must prove that the defendant had the intent to commit the crime.

Self-defense is a defense that allows a person to avoid criminal liability if they used reasonable force to defend themselves or others from imminent harm.

The presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle of criminal law that requires the prosecution to prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

A tort is a civil wrong, not a criminal offense.

An indictment is a formal accusation of a crime made by a grand jury.

Hearsay is an out-of-court statement that is offered in court to prove the truth of the matter asserted.

The jury is responsible for determining the facts of the case, applying the law to the facts, and deciding the verdict.

Restitution is not a type of punishment, but rather a form of compensation paid by the defendant to the victim of the crime.

An appeal is the process by which a person challenges a criminal conviction in a higher court.

The statute of limitations is a legal defense that prevents a person from being prosecuted for a crime after a certain amount of time has passed.

Double jeopardy is a principle of criminal law that prevents a person from being tried twice for the same offense.

Assault is a crime against a person, not a crime against property.

The presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle of criminal law that requires the prosecution to prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

A tort is a civil wrong, not a criminal offense.