The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. It aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.

The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the sustainable development of the environment, and provides leadership and guidance on environmental issues.

Environmental diplomacy refers to the diplomatic efforts and negotiations undertaken by countries to address transboundary environmental issues and promote cooperation on environmental protection.

The principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) recognizes the shared responsibility of all countries to address environmental issues, while acknowledging the different capabilities and circumstances of individual countries.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty that aims to conserve biodiversity, ensure the sustainable use of biological resources, and promote fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is an international agreement that aims to address the issue of desertification and land degradation in dryland regions.

The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty that aims to conserve and protect wetlands and their biodiversity.

The Precautionary Principle states that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent or minimize such damage.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty that aims to address climate change and its impacts.

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an international effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.

The Stockholm Convention is an international environmental treaty that aims to reduce or eliminate the production, use, and release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

The Basel Convention is an international treaty that aims to control the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal.

The Minamata Convention is an international treaty that aims to reduce emissions of mercury and other heavy metals from industrial activities.