The Emotion-Specific Theory proposes that music can trigger specific emotions by directly activating neural pathways linked to those emotions.

Physiological Response refers to the physical reactions that music can cause, such as changes in heart rate, muscle tension, or respiration.

Melody, with its pitch and contour, is considered the most expressive musical element in conveying emotions.

Emotional Universality refers to the idea that certain musical elements and structures can evoke similar emotional responses across different cultures.

The Cognitive Theory proposes that music can influence emotions by affecting our thoughts, beliefs, and interpretations of the world.

Autobiographical Memory refers to the ability of music to evoke memories, associations, and personal experiences from our lives.

Harmony, particularly the use of dissonance and unresolved chords, can create a sense of tension or suspense in music.

Behavioral Response refers to the observable changes in behavior and actions that can be triggered by music.

Melody, particularly the use of minor keys, slow tempos, and descending melodic lines, can create a sense of sadness or melancholy in music.

Physiological Response refers to the physical reactions that music can cause, such as changes in heart rate, muscle tension, or respiration.

Melody, particularly the use of major keys, fast tempos, and ascending melodic lines, can create a sense of happiness or joy in music.

Mood Induction refers to the ability of music to influence our mood and emotional state, often through the activation of specific neural pathways.

Rhythm, particularly the use of fast tempos, syncopation, and strong beats, can create a sense of excitement or energy in music.

Emotional Contagion refers to the tendency of emotions to spread from one person to another, often through the influence of music.

Harmony, particularly the use of consonant chords and smooth chord progressions, can create a sense of peace or tranquility in music.