The historical exclusion of women from politics is a result of a combination of biological differences, cultural norms and stereotypes, and lack of education and opportunities for women.

Women face a range of barriers in participating in political processes, including discrimination and violence, lack of access to resources and support, and negative stereotypes and attitudes.

Women's empowerment has a positive impact on political development by increasing the representation of women in political institutions, improving the quality of governance and decision-making, and promoting economic growth and development.

Promoting women's empowerment in political development requires a comprehensive approach that includes providing equal access to education and opportunities for women, challenging negative stereotypes and attitudes towards women, and enacting laws and policies that protect women's rights.

Despite progress in promoting gender equality in political development, challenges remain, including persistent discrimination and violence against women, lack of political will to address gender inequality, and negative cultural norms and stereotypes.