Thomas Aquinas, a 13th-century theologian and philosopher, sought to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology, laying the foundation for the integration of science and religion.

Scientism is the belief that science is the only valid way of understanding reality, rejecting the role of religion and other non-scientific explanations.

The Theory of Evolution, proposed by Charles Darwin, challenged the literal interpretation of the biblical creation account, leading to a significant debate between religious and scientific communities.

Deism is the belief that God created the universe and its laws, but does not actively intervene in its ongoing operation, allowing natural processes to govern the world.

Cosmology is the scientific field that studies the origin, evolution, and structure of the universe, exploring questions about its beginnings, composition, and ultimate fate.

Naturalism is the belief that the universe is governed by natural laws and processes, excluding the need for supernatural intervention or forces.

The Big Bang Theory is the prevailing scientific theory that describes the origin and evolution of the universe, proposing that it began as a singularity and has been expanding ever since.

Pantheism is the belief that God is immanent in the universe and that the natural world is a manifestation of the divine, blurring the distinction between God and the universe.

The Standard Model of Particle Physics is a scientific theory that describes the fundamental forces and particles that govern the interactions of matter and energy at the subatomic level.

Religious Naturalism is the belief that religious beliefs and practices should be based on reason and evidence, rather than solely on tradition or revelation, seeking to reconcile religious and scientific perspectives.

Paleontology is the scientific field that studies the origin and evolution of life on Earth through the analysis of fossils and other geological evidence.

Theistic Evolution is the belief that science and religion are complementary and can coexist harmoniously, proposing that God created the universe and set in motion the processes of evolution.

Quantum Mechanics is a scientific theory that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels, exploring phenomena such as wave-particle duality and quantum entanglement.

Theism is the belief that God is transcendent and separate from the universe, acting as its creator and sustainer, distinct from the immanence of Pantheism.

Ecology is the scientific field that studies the interactions between living organisms and their environment, examining the distribution, abundance, and behavior of species in relation to their surroundings.