Item analysis is used to evaluate the quality of individual test items and to make decisions about which items to include in a test.

Item difficulty is a measure of how easy or difficult an item is, based on the proportion of test takers who answer it correctly.

Item discrimination is a measure of how well an item can differentiate between test takers who have high scores and those who have low scores.

Test reliability is a measure of the consistency of a test, and it is typically assessed using methods such as test-retest reliability, split-half reliability, and Cronbach's alpha.

Test validity is a measure of the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure, and it is typically assessed using methods such as content validity, criterion-related validity, and construct validity.

Face validity is not a type of test validity because it is based on the subjective judgment of whether a test appears to measure what it is supposed to measure.

The purpose of test construction is to develop a test that is reliable, valid, fair, and unbiased, and that is appropriate for the target population.

Conducting a pilot test is not a step in the test construction process, as it is typically conducted after the test has been developed.

A test blueprint is a document that specifies the content and format of a test, including the number of items to be included in each content area, the learning objectives that the test will assess, and the types of items that will be used.

Essay items are not a type of test item because they are not objective and are difficult to score reliably.

The purpose of a pilot test is to identify items that are too easy or too difficult, to determine the reliability of a test, and to assess the validity of a test.

Parallel-forms reliability is not a method for assessing the reliability of a test because it requires the development of two equivalent forms of the test.

Face validity is not a method for assessing the validity of a test because it is based on the subjective judgment of whether a test appears to measure what it is supposed to measure.

The standard error of measurement is the standard deviation of the errors of measurement, which are the differences between the observed scores on a test and the true scores on the test.

Reliability is a necessary condition for validity because a test cannot be valid if it is not reliable.