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Middle School Science Investigations

Description: This quiz is designed to assess your understanding of the scientific investigations conducted in middle school.
Number of Questions: 14
Created by:
Tags: middle school science scientific investigations experiments data analysis hypothesis testing
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What is the first step in the scientific investigation process?

  1. Formulating a hypothesis

  2. Collecting data

  3. Observing a phenomenon

  4. Designing an experiment

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The first step in the scientific investigation process is to observe a phenomenon that you are curious about or that you want to learn more about.

What is a hypothesis?

  1. A prediction about the outcome of an experiment

  2. A statement of fact

  3. A question that you are trying to answer

  4. A procedure for conducting an experiment

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A hypothesis is a prediction about the outcome of an experiment. It is based on your observations and prior knowledge.

What is the purpose of an experiment?

  1. To prove a hypothesis

  2. To collect data

  3. To test a hypothesis

  4. To demonstrate a scientific principle

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The purpose of an experiment is to test a hypothesis. An experiment is a controlled study in which you manipulate one variable (the independent variable) to see how it affects another variable (the dependent variable).

What is a variable?

  1. A factor that can change in an experiment

  2. A factor that is kept constant in an experiment

  3. A measurement that is taken in an experiment

  4. A conclusion that is drawn from an experiment

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A variable is a factor that can change in an experiment. The independent variable is the variable that you manipulate, and the dependent variable is the variable that you measure.

What is data?

  1. The information that is collected in an experiment

  2. The conclusion that is drawn from an experiment

  3. The hypothesis that is tested in an experiment

  4. The procedure that is used to conduct an experiment

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Data is the information that is collected in an experiment. Data can be quantitative (numbers) or qualitative (descriptions).

What is the purpose of data analysis?

  1. To organize and summarize data

  2. To identify trends and patterns in data

  3. To draw conclusions from data

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The purpose of data analysis is to organize and summarize data, identify trends and patterns in data, and draw conclusions from data.

What is a conclusion?

  1. A statement that summarizes the results of an experiment

  2. A statement that supports the hypothesis

  3. A statement that rejects the hypothesis

  4. A statement that explains the results of an experiment

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A conclusion is a statement that summarizes the results of an experiment. A conclusion should be based on the data that was collected and analyzed.

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

  1. A hypothesis is a specific prediction, while a theory is a general explanation

  2. A hypothesis is based on evidence, while a theory is not

  3. A hypothesis can be tested, while a theory cannot

  4. A hypothesis is supported by data, while a theory is not

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A hypothesis is a specific prediction about the outcome of an experiment, while a theory is a general explanation of a natural phenomenon. A theory is supported by a large body of evidence, while a hypothesis is based on a limited amount of evidence.

What are the three main types of scientific investigations?

  1. Observational studies, experimental studies, and case studies

  2. Quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and mixed-methods studies

  3. Descriptive studies, analytical studies, and evaluative studies

  4. Basic research, applied research, and developmental research

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main types of scientific investigations are observational studies, experimental studies, and case studies. Observational studies involve observing and recording data without manipulating any variables. Experimental studies involve manipulating one variable to see how it affects another variable. Case studies involve studying a single individual or group in depth.

What is the difference between a qualitative and quantitative study?

  1. Qualitative studies collect numerical data, while quantitative studies collect non-numerical data

  2. Qualitative studies are subjective, while quantitative studies are objective

  3. Qualitative studies are exploratory, while quantitative studies are confirmatory

  4. Qualitative studies are used to generate hypotheses, while quantitative studies are used to test hypotheses

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

Qualitative studies collect non-numerical data, such as observations, interviews, and focus groups. Quantitative studies collect numerical data, such as surveys, experiments, and polls.

What is the purpose of a case study?

  1. To study a single individual or group in depth

  2. To generate hypotheses

  3. To test hypotheses

  4. To collect data

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The purpose of a case study is to study a single individual or group in depth. Case studies are often used to explore complex phenomena that cannot be easily studied using other methods.

What is the difference between basic research and applied research?

  1. Basic research is conducted to generate new knowledge, while applied research is conducted to solve specific problems

  2. Basic research is funded by government agencies, while applied research is funded by private companies

  3. Basic research is conducted in universities, while applied research is conducted in industry

  4. Basic research is more theoretical, while applied research is more practical

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Basic research is conducted to generate new knowledge, while applied research is conducted to solve specific problems. Basic research is often funded by government agencies, while applied research is often funded by private companies.

What is the difference between a descriptive study and an analytical study?

  1. Descriptive studies describe a phenomenon, while analytical studies explain a phenomenon

  2. Descriptive studies are quantitative, while analytical studies are qualitative

  3. Descriptive studies are exploratory, while analytical studies are confirmatory

  4. Descriptive studies are used to generate hypotheses, while analytical studies are used to test hypotheses

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Descriptive studies describe a phenomenon, while analytical studies explain a phenomenon. Descriptive studies are often used to explore a new topic or to identify trends. Analytical studies are often used to test hypotheses or to determine the causes of a phenomenon.

What is the difference between an evaluative study and a research study?

  1. Evaluative studies assess the effectiveness of a program or intervention, while research studies investigate a phenomenon

  2. Evaluative studies are quantitative, while research studies are qualitative

  3. Evaluative studies are exploratory, while research studies are confirmatory

  4. Evaluative studies are used to generate hypotheses, while research studies are used to test hypotheses

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Evaluative studies assess the effectiveness of a program or intervention, while research studies investigate a phenomenon. Evaluative studies are often used to determine whether a program or intervention is achieving its intended goals. Research studies are often used to explore a new topic or to identify trends.

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