The French Revolution, with its emphasis on liberty, equality, and fraternity, profoundly influenced political ideologies and led to the rise of new political movements.

Marx argued that class struggle, the conflict between different economic classes, is the primary engine of historical change.

Jean Bodin, a French political philosopher, is credited with introducing the term 'political science' in his influential work 'Six Livres de la République'.

Thucydides' work explores the inherent tension and rivalry between Athens and Sparta, highlighting the inevitability of conflict between competing powers.

Thomas Hobbes, in his work 'Leviathan', posited that the state is a necessary evil to prevent the chaos and violence that would result from the natural state of humanity.

Political history examines the relationship between historical events and political developments, exploring how the past shapes present-day political ideologies and institutions.

The Age of Exploration, with its emphasis on territorial expansion and the search for new trade routes, contributed to the rise of nationalism and the formation of nation-states.

Collective memory refers to the shared memories and interpretations of historical events and figures that are held by a group or society.

John Locke, in his work 'Two Treatises of Government', argued that legitimate political authority is derived from the consent of the governed.

Political history is the study of the relationship between historical events and political developments, examining how the past shapes present-day political ideologies and institutions.

The American Revolution, with its emphasis on individual liberty and representative government, is often seen as a pivotal moment in the development of modern democracy.

Historical propaganda refers to the use of historical events and figures to promote a particular political agenda or ideology.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his work 'The Social Contract', argued that legitimate political authority is derived from the general will of the people.

Historical sociology examines the relationship between historical events and processes and the development of political institutions and ideologies.

The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, is often seen as a pivotal moment in the development of modern international relations, establishing the principle of state sovereignty.