Language contact is the process by which a language is influenced by another language, resulting in changes in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

Changes in the environment do not directly contribute to language change. However, they can indirectly influence language change by causing changes in the way people live and interact, which can in turn lead to changes in language use.

Ethnolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and culture, including the ways in which language reflects and shapes cultural values, beliefs, and practices.

Loanwords are words that are borrowed from another language. While they can be used to reflect cultural values, they are not a direct reflection of the culture of the language in which they are used.

Language death is the process by which a language becomes extinct, meaning that it is no longer spoken by any living speakers.

Migration of speakers to a new area does not directly contribute to language death. However, it can indirectly contribute to language death if the speakers of the language are unable to maintain their language in the new area.

Language revitalization is the process of reviving a language that is瀕臨滅絕, typically involving efforts to increase the number of speakers of the language and to promote its use in various domains of life.

Promoting the use of the language in the media is not a direct strategy for language revitalization. However, it can be an effective way to raise awareness of the language and to encourage people to learn and use it.

Cognitive linguistics is the study of the relationship between language and thought, including the ways in which language influences and is influenced by our cognitive processes.

Language does not determine our intelligence. However, it can influence the way we express our intelligence and the way others perceive our intelligence.

Gender linguistics is the study of the relationship between language and gender, including the ways in which language reflects and shapes gender roles, identities, and relationships.

Gender-neutral language is not a way in which language can reflect gender roles. Rather, it is a way of avoiding the use of gender-specific language.

Critical linguistics is the study of the relationship between language and power, including the ways in which language is used to maintain and challenge power structures.

Language can be used to promote understanding and cooperation, but this is not a way in which language is typically used to maintain power.

Identity linguistics is the study of the relationship between language and identity, including the ways in which language is used to construct, express, and negotiate individual and group identities.