The reed pen, known as 'kalam' in India, is the traditional writing instrument used in Indian calligraphy. It is made from a hollow reed, sharpened to a point, and is held at an angle to the paper.

Indian calligraphy is characterized by the use of geometric patterns, emphasis on legibility, and ornate embellishments. These elements contribute to the unique aesthetic appeal of Indian calligraphy.

Shikasta is the term used to describe the flowing, cursive style of Indian calligraphy. It is characterized by its rapid, fluid strokes and intricate ligatures.

Diwani is a type of decorative script used in Indian calligraphy. It is characterized by its elaborate flourishes and embellishments, and is often used for formal documents and inscriptions.

Illumination is the term used to describe the art of decorating manuscripts with calligraphy. It involves the use of gold, silver, and other pigments to create intricate designs and patterns.

Abdullah Shirazi was a famous Indian calligrapher known for his mastery of the Naskh script. He is considered one of the greatest calligraphers of all time, and his work is highly prized by collectors.

Bhutani calligraphy is the term used to describe the art of writing with a brush on a vertical surface. It is a traditional art form in Bhutan, and is often used to create religious texts and inscriptions.

Kufic is a type of Indian calligraphy that is characterized by its use of bold, thick strokes. It is often used for architectural inscriptions and religious texts.

Naskh calligraphy is the term used to describe the art of writing with a reed pen on a horizontal surface. It is a widely used script in the Islamic world, and is known for its clarity and legibility.

Thuluth is a type of Indian calligraphy that is characterized by its use of intricate geometric patterns. It is often used for religious texts and inscriptions.

Sumi-e is the term used to describe the art of writing with a brush on a horizontal surface. It is a traditional Japanese art form, and is often used to create landscape paintings and calligraphic works.

Nastaliq is a type of Indian calligraphy that is characterized by its use of fluid, cursive strokes. It is often used for poetry and literary works.

Shodo is the term used to describe the art of writing with a brush on a vertical surface. It is a traditional Japanese art form, and is often used to create calligraphic works and inscriptions.

Kufic is a type of Indian calligraphy that is characterized by its use of bold, thick strokes. It is often used for architectural inscriptions and religious texts.

Naskh calligraphy is the term used to describe the art of writing with a reed pen on a horizontal surface. It is a widely used script in the Islamic world, and is known for its clarity and legibility.