Racial discourse encompasses the ways in which language is used to construct, maintain, and challenge racial identities and categories.

Racial framing refers to the use of language to present or interpret information in a way that reinforces or challenges racial stereotypes and prejudices.

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, also known as linguistic relativity, suggests that the structure of a language influences the way its speakers perceive and conceptualize the world, including racial categories and identities.

Racialization refers to the social and political processes by which racial categories and identities are created, reinforced, and given meaning, often through the use of language and discourse.

Racial constructivism posits that race is a social and cultural construct, shaped by historical, political, and economic factors, rather than a fixed biological category.

Racial counter-speech refers to the use of language to challenge or respond to racial microaggressions, which are subtle forms of racism that can be expressed verbally or nonverbally.

Racial advocacy involves using language to speak out against racial discrimination, promote racial equality, and advocate for policies and practices that address racial disparities.

Racial stereotyping refers to the use of language to generalize about entire racial groups, often attributing fixed and often negative characteristics to them.

Racial prejudice refers to the use of language to express negative attitudes, beliefs, or feelings towards entire racial groups.

Racial discrimination refers to the use of language to justify or perpetuate unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on their race.

Racial segregation refers to the use of language to justify or perpetuate the separation of individuals or groups based on their race.

Racial profiling refers to the use of language to justify or perpetuate the practice of targeting individuals or groups for suspicion or surveillance based on their race.

Racial microaggressions refer to the use of language to express subtle forms of racism, often unintentional, that can communicate negative or demeaning messages about entire racial groups.

Racial colorblindness refers to the use of language to deny or ignore the existence of race or racial differences, often with the intention of promoting equality.