The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and the press.

The primary purpose of the right to freedom of speech is to promote the free exchange of ideas and information, which is essential for a functioning democracy.

Political speech is not a limitation on the right to freedom of speech. In fact, it is one of the most important forms of speech protected by the First Amendment.

The clear and present danger test is a legal doctrine that allows the government to restrict speech that poses a clear and present danger to national security.

The landmark Supreme Court case that established the clear and present danger test is Schenck v. United States (1919).

The incitement test is a legal doctrine that allows the government to restrict speech that is likely to incite imminent lawless action.

The landmark Supreme Court case that established the incitement test is Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969).

The obscenity test is a legal doctrine that allows the government to restrict speech that is obscene.

The landmark Supreme Court case that established the obscenity test is Roth v. United States (1957).

The defamation test is a legal doctrine that allows the government to restrict speech that is defamatory.

The landmark Supreme Court case that established the defamation test is New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964).

The commercial speech test is a legal doctrine that allows the government to restrict speech that is commercial advertising.

The landmark Supreme Court case that established the commercial speech test is Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission of New York (1980).

The hate speech test is a legal doctrine that allows the government to restrict speech that is hate speech.

The landmark Supreme Court case that established the hate speech test is R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul (1992).