Reverse osmosis is a water treatment process that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove impurities and contaminants from water by applying pressure to the water, forcing it through the membrane.

Ultraviolet disinfection is a water treatment process that uses ultraviolet radiation to kill microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, by damaging their DNA.

Nanofiltration is a water treatment process that uses a semipermeable membrane with pores smaller than those used in reverse osmosis to remove contaminants, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and viruses, from water.

Electrodialysis is a water treatment process that uses a strong electric field to remove ions and other charged particles from water, such as salts, heavy metals, and nitrates.

Membrane bioreactors are a water treatment process that combines a biological treatment process with a membrane filtration process to remove contaminants from water.

Constructed wetlands are a water treatment process that uses a series of natural or artificial wetlands to remove contaminants from water through natural processes, such as sedimentation, filtration, and biological uptake.

Rotating biological contactors are a water treatment process that uses a rotating biological contactor, which is a cylindrical drum filled with biofilm, to remove contaminants from water.

Filtration is a water treatment process that uses a series of filters to remove contaminants from water, such as sediment, suspended solids, and microorganisms.

Activated carbon adsorption is a water treatment process that uses a granular activated carbon to remove contaminants from water, such as organic compounds, pesticides, and heavy metals.

Chemical oxidation is a water treatment process that uses a chemical reaction to remove contaminants from water, such as organic compounds, pesticides, and heavy metals.

Ultrafiltration is a water treatment process that uses a membrane to separate contaminants from water based on their size, allowing smaller molecules to pass through the membrane while retaining larger molecules.

Ion exchange is a water treatment process that uses a series of ion exchange resins to remove contaminants from water, such as heavy metals, nitrates, and sulfates.

Electrodialysis reversal is a water treatment process that uses a membrane to separate contaminants from water based on their charge, allowing ions to pass through the membrane while retaining neutral molecules.

Chemical precipitation is a water treatment process that uses a series of chemical reactions to remove contaminants from water, such as heavy metals, phosphates, and sulfates.

Nanofiltration is a water treatment process that uses a membrane to separate contaminants from water based on their molecular weight, allowing smaller molecules to pass through the membrane while retaining larger molecules.