Medieval philosophy was characterized by its focus on theology, reason, and the human condition, but not by its emphasis on empirical evidence.

Scholasticism was a method of inquiry that emphasized the use of logic and reason to understand religious and philosophical texts.

Thomas Aquinas was a Dominican friar and theologian who is considered one of the most influential philosophers of the Middle Ages.

Anselm of Canterbury was an 11th-century archbishop of Canterbury who is known for his ontological argument for the existence of God.

The problem of universals is a philosophical problem that concerns the nature of general concepts, such as 'dog' or 'red'.

Thomas Aquinas argued that faith and reason are compatible and that they can be used to understand the world.

The concept of natural law in medieval philosophy refers to a set of moral principles that are believed to be universally valid and binding on all human beings.

William of Ockham was a 14th-century English philosopher who is known for his nominalist theory of universals.

Transubstantiation is a Christian doctrine that states that the bread and wine used in the Eucharist are transformed into the body and blood of Christ.

Siger of Brabant was a 13th-century philosopher who is known for his theory of the 'double truth', which states that there can be two truths: one that is true according to faith and one that is true according to reason.

Exemplarism is a philosophical theory that states that all things are created according to divine ideas or exemplars.

Augustine of Hippo was a 4th-century bishop of Hippo Regius who is known for his influential work, 'City of God'.

Original sin is the sin that all human beings inherit from Adam and Eve, which is believed to have corrupted human nature.

John Duns Scotus was a 13th-century philosopher who is known for his theory of 'voluntarism', which states that God's will is the ultimate cause of all things.

Predestination is the idea that God has predetermined who will be saved and who will be damned.