In recent years, there has been a shift away from traditional grammar and vocabulary-based assessment towards a focus on communicative competence, which emphasizes the ability to use language effectively in real-world situations.

Technology has had a significant impact on language testing. It has made testing more accessible and convenient, allowing learners to take tests from anywhere with an internet connection. It has also enabled the development of more interactive and engaging assessment tasks, such as simulations and games. Additionally, AI is increasingly being used to score and analyze responses, which can save time and improve accuracy.

Communicative competence is the ability to use language effectively in real-world situations. It involves not only the knowledge of grammar and vocabulary, but also the ability to understand and produce language in a way that is appropriate for the context and the audience.

There are a number of new assessment methods that are being developed, including computer-adaptive testing (CAT), dynamic assessment, and portfolio assessment. CAT is a type of testing that adapts to the learner's ability level, making it more challenging for higher-level learners and easier for lower-level learners. Dynamic assessment is a type of assessment that involves interaction between the assessor and the learner, allowing the assessor to assess the learner's potential for learning. Portfolio assessment is a type of assessment that involves the collection of evidence of the learner's language skills over time.

Language testers today face a number of challenges, including the need to develop new assessment methods that are more authentic and reliable, the need to keep up with the changing demands of the workplace and society, and the need to address the needs of diverse learners. These challenges require language testers to be innovative and adaptable in their approach to assessment.